Tuesday, May 19, 2020

Foreign Aid From The United States - 918 Words

When I chose Brazil as the subject country for examining its foreign aid received, I ran into a bit of a dilemma. Brazil has evolved from being a foreign aid recipient and less developed nation of the past, to become a major foreign aid provider in recent years. This fact places this emerging country in a unique and interesting position as both a donor and recipient as of 2010 records reveal and Brazil’s donor status is on the increase since this new â€Å"middle-of-the-road† development status for this intriguing country emerged. Brazil’s modern history includes 300 plus years of colonization by Portugal form 1500 to 1800, to the establishment of its independent status in 1822. (2) Today, Brazil in its association with BRIC (Brazil, Russia, India and China) bloc partnership, Brazil now distributes close to 4 billion dollars in annual global aid to less developed nations around the world, especially in sub Saharan Africa. (4) As a recipient of foreign aid, Brazil in 2012 received $2.4 million (US) in international humanitarian aid. Also, during the period of 2003 to 2012, Brazil received $ 4.5 billion (US) in official development assistance (ODA). (1) As a donor nation, Brazil contributed $1.3million (US) in humanitarian assistance in 2013 and $54 million in that same category of international aid (US) in 2012. (1) Due to global austerity, international foreign aid is on a constant decline around the globe. Some estimates place Brazil’s 2015 projected, combined giving,Show MoreRelatedThe World Enters A Globalized Age Essay1151 Words   |  5 Pagestheir own, and aid from a greater international power can make a large difference in the economy and livelihood of developing countries. The United States, annually, donates somewhere between $30-50 billion to foreign aid, in an effort to help those nations that find themselves torn by war, disease, poverty, a lack of education, and a myriad of other pro blems. The question becomes one of what role does the United States play in foreign affairs, particularly that concerning foreign aid, and whetherRead MoreThe United States Should Stop Sending Aid For Foreign Countries Essay1291 Words   |  6 Pageschanging from place to place and across time, and has been described in many ways. Applied ethics is a person’s judgement on a moral standpoint, of a particular issue in private and public life. In class we learned about four different philosophers and their views on world poverty. I agreed with two philosophers that have different views, but they both had the same opinion that the United States should stop sending aid to foreign countries. In this essay my view is that the United States should stopRead MoreEssay on The Benefits of Foreign Aid1625 Words   |  7 Pages An enlarged, long-term program of economic assistance to the peoples of Free Asia, the Middle East, Africa, and Latin America is justified on this positive and constructive basis; it is in the interest of the United States that we and our children live in a world of independent, open societies, each developing its own version of political democracy...our enemy is poverty, despair, stagnation and the fear that only totalitarian methods can lift a poor agrarian society into sustained growth. OurRead MoreThe First President Of The United States Essay1454 Words   |  6 PagesRevolutionary War, the United States wanted to implant a strong relationship with Britain and also with France. Thomas Jefferson, the third president of the United States, helped settle hostility with Britain and with France. By doing so, he helped to negotiate the Louisiana Purchase, started trading more with other countries, and also made it easier for immigrants to become citizens. What Thomas Jefferson was trying to do was to improve foreign relationships and establish a foreign policy. It isRead MoreThe Cons of U.S. Foreign Aid Essay1251 Words   |  6 PagesThe Cons of U.S. Foreign Aid As time progresses humankind seeks to better itself. We strive to make life easier, faster, and more efficient. Currently we have telescopes that can see objects light years away, satellites that can track you around the planet, cars that adjust the seat and steering wheel to separate drivers, and computers that fit in your hand and perform a million calculations a second. But not everyone in this world has this technology. In parts of the world there are peopleRead MoreShould the Developed North Increase Aid to the Less Developed South?1510 Words   |  7 PagesShould the Developed North Increase Aid to the Less Developed South? The question at hand is not whether aid from the developed north should be given at all, but whether or not it should be increased to help ease the suffering of the developing countries in the south. Every country, whether rich or poor, should have compassion for the suffering. However, it is not the duty of the developed north to completely take care of every developing country. In the present, there are seriousRead MoreUnited States Foreign Assistance Policy850 Words   |  4 PagesUnited States Foreign Assistance The United States has been helping other countries with their economic and military problems since the beginning of the 1900’s when World War I was going on. In most cases we are allies and see we a country in need. At this point we assess the situation and format a plan in order to help through USAID. This is a government agency that pairs with others in different countries to provide aid and promote democratic societies. Aid is now being given in large quantitiesRead MoreForeign Aid Benefit Or Impairs A State Within The International Community1324 Words   |  6 Pages This essay will be discussing if Foreign Aid benefits or impairs a state within the international community. Foreign aid is essential for many states to survive. Foreign aid is a policy that highly developed countries (HDC’s), offer a range of support to less developed countries (LDC’s). There are many forms of aid from HDC’s. For example, the Marshall Plan was an American initiative enacted during World War II. This plan was developed to elevate states devastated by the war (both with its internalRead MoreAfghanistan Is A Developing Country1468 Words   |  6 Pagestroubles and difficulties soon after its independence. They had faced difficulties in the development of constitutions and regulations. The selection of leader was an issue; the major task was to prepare military for the defence and protection of the state. In order to resolve all these issues, finance was the significant need. Despite several problems, the country is upgrading slowly and gradually. Numerous countries supported Afghanistan in terms of finance and monetary forms, but the support providedRead MoreRelationship Between Foreign Aid And Migration1414 Words   |  6 Pagesexplaining the relation between immigration and foreign aid. They hypothesis that (1) donor countries use this foreign aid to ‘aid’ or to further their own individual immigration policy goals, and (2) migrants, who have already moved, lobby their new countries for an increase in aid to their home countries. Anti-immigration parties and policies have come out of developed donor nations including Austria, Denmark, and the Netherlands. This social unrest stems from immigration of low skilled migrants to these

Sunday, May 10, 2020

Creative Metaphor - Definition and Examples

A creative metaphor is an original comparison that calls attention to itself as a figure of speech. Also known as a  poetic metaphor, literary metaphor, novel metaphor, and unconventional metaphor.  Contrast with conventional metaphor  and dead metaphor.  American philosopher Richard Rorty characterized the creative metaphor as a challenge to established schemes and conventional perceptions: A metaphor is, so to speak, a voice from outside logical space. It is a call to change ones language and ones life, rather than a proposal about how to systematize them (Metaphor as the Growing Point of Language, 1991). Examples and Observations Her tall black-suited body seemed to carve its way through the crowded room.(Josephine Hart, Damage, 1991)Fear is a slinking cat I findBeneath the lilacs of my mind.(Sophie Tunnell, Fear)The apparition of these faces in the crowd;Petals on a wet, black bough.(Ezra Pound, In a Station of the Metro)Yeatss Dolphin-torn . . . SeaThose images that yetFresh images beget,That dolphin-torn, that gong-tormented sea.(W.B. Yeats, Byzantium)- Although this last line is acutely visual, its three main items, dolphin, gong and sea are as much literal as metaphoric elements of the scene: the poem had begun with the cathedral gong ringing out over the sea, and had gone on to speak of the dolphins in the waters around Byzantium. Of course, dolphin and gong also stand for something else--the vitality of the living animal, the majesty and authority of religion over the spirit, but they do this primarily as images. Direct metaphor is reduced to a subordinate position here, in the words torn and tormented , since neither of them can literally be applied to water. The first very vividly catches the force with which the dolphin leaps from and returns to its elements. The second communicates the extent to which that element is troubled by the demands of the spiritual.(Stan Smith, W.B. Yeats: A Critical Introduction. Rowman Littlefield, 1990)- By using metaphors, much more can be conveyed, through implication and connotation, than through straightforward, literal  language. Take the case of . . . that literary metaphor dolphin-torn: what exactly is Yeats suggesting about the sea, and how else could this have been expressed? Just as writers convey meaning more open-endedly when they use metaphorical language, readers interpret less narrowly than they would literal language. So meaning is communicated between writer and reader in a less precise way, even though the metaphors may seem concrete and vivid. It is this imprecision, this fuzziness of meaning, which makes metaphor such a power ful tool in the communication of emotion, evaluation, and explanation too.(Murray Knowles and Rosamund Moon, Introducing Metaphor. Routledge, 2006)Creative Metaphors Outside LiteratureThe chaotic category creative metaphor includes typically literary examples such as novel metaphors and poetic metaphors. The crucial question is, however, whether it is possible to extend this category beyond literary examples. If this is possible--and an examination of the terms creative and creativity suggests that it is--then it will be possible to find many creative metaphors even in political discourse which is, actually, not very famous for being creative.(Ralph Mueller, Critical Metaphors of Creative Metaphors in Political Speeches. Researching and Applying Metaphor in the Real World, ed. by Graham Low, Zazie Todd, Alice Deignan, and Lynne Cameron. John Benjamins, 2010)Communicating Through Metaphors- Even though our individual stories are different, we communicate through the common language o f metaphor by embodying our ideas in images and details. By ruminating upon ourselves, we also conjure stories of others. By this acknowledgment of others experiences, we address a whole range of social, political, and cultural issues.Its impossible to live every life, fight every war, battle every illness, belong to every tribe, believe in every religion. The only way we come close to the whole experience is by embracing what we see both inside and outside the window of the page.(Sue William Silverman, Fearless Confessions: A Writers Guide to Memoir. University of Georgia Press, 2009)- The ground of appropriateness for a new insight provided by a creative metaphor--the compelling condition of the new similarity, what suggests that it fits--cannot be restricted to a complex of established perspectives. For it is this complex, or some part of it, that is challenged by the new insight.(Carl R. Hausman, Metaphor and Art. Cambridge University Press, 1989)   See also: MetaphorLove Is a MetaphorThirteen Ways of Looking at a MetaphorUsing Similes and MetaphorsWhat Is a Metaphor?

Wednesday, May 6, 2020

The Various Stages Of A Criminal Trial - 1523 Words

What are the various stages of a criminal trial? Describe each one. The various stages of criminal trials is certain stages of arrest that take place, and develop to an end point of examination. The defendant is held and reasoned by question whether or not there was a crime that has been committed. A trial can be reasoned and argue the case. This is done to have a conviction of the defendant, and to be proven guilty. One of the first stages is the â€Å"pleading stage† and it starts by filing of complaint by documentation that is submitted, leading into a summon and response, then a motion to dismissal of claims, and motion from judgment. The second stage is â€Å"pretrial† which questions are to be answered for the finding of facts. Pretrial leads into a motion for a summary judgement, which is reviewed to seek if there is enough merit. Cases could be dismissed if the facts are not relevant. Last for the pretrial stage is the pretrial order, and it is when the case will be determined by the court and all parties are recognized. The trial is last to take place with a jury selection and an opening statement for the jury. After an opening statement the plaintiff testimony is held for the â€Å"proceedings consists of the plaintiffs† who then present their experts and/or witness. There is the defense testimony in the following along with the redirection and recall, a closing ar gument, a charge to the jury who evaluates the case, then leads into the verdict, and last a judgement.Show MoreRelatedCriminal Justice System and Process Essay1347 Words   |  6 Pagesas Criminal Law (Law Library, 2011). Criminal law is also termed as Penal law, it comprises of rules as well as statutes that have been written by the Congress and the state legislators who deal with criminal activities (petty crimes, felonies or misdemeanors) that have a direct or indirect harm to the general public and is accompanied by penalties of these crimes, (Morrison, 2008). Criminal law is enforced by the government. Criminal law has sub-sections that include: Substantive Criminal LawRead MoreThe Canadian Charter Of Rights And Freedoms1386 Words   |  6 Pagesdone in due time, and the process is not expedited without an outstanding reason as it can lead to misguided verdict. Furthermore, the criminal trial process in our society focuses on equality and promotes this principle by entitli ng an accused of even the most heinous crimes to civil liberties and processes as not to compromise the criminal trial process. A fair trial is an intrinsic right of all members of society making it fundamental to our being, and is ergo ensured to us all under s.11 of theRead MoreThe Criminal Trial Process: From Jury Selection to Sentencing1340 Words   |  5 Pagesï » ¿The Criminal Trial: Trail Process: From Jury Selection to Sentencing Introduction The criminal trial process is an interesting process that takes place in Courtrooms all across the United States and throughout the globe. This study intends to set out the various steps in the criminal trial process in the American justice system. A trial is described as a legal forum for resolving individual disputes, and in the case of a criminal charge, it is a means for establishing whether an accused personRead MoreCriminal Justice Essay1251 Words   |  6 Pagesvictims and the offenders. 2 Running Head: Midterm Essay 3 Summarize the evolution of the criminal justice system in America. Identify and discuss at least three (3) key U.S Supreme Court cases that have had a significant impact on the issue of individual rights versus public order, with respect to arrest, search, and seizure. In modern day America, the public’s view on the typical criminal has shifted from seeing him or her as a victim of social and personal unfortunate circumstancesRead MoreMidterm Essay1207 Words   |  5 Pagesinformation about each crime, its victims and the offenders. Summarize the evolution of the criminal justice system in America. Identify and discuss at least three (3) key U.S Supreme Court cases that have had a significant impact on the issue of individual rights versus public order, with respect to arrest, search, and seizure. In modern day America, the public’s view on the typical criminal has shifted from seeing him or her as a victim of social and personal unfortunate circumstancesRead MoreThe Criminal Procedural Code Of India1592 Words   |  7 PagesINTRODUCTION The criminal procedural code of India is a vast code containing all the possible procedures that one should follow so as to achieve the proper formula as to Fair, Just and Free trial. The constitution of India in its articles protects various rights of the citizens. This has been extensively discussed in the upcoming chapters of the project. The basis to understanding the criminal justice administration is that India follows an Adversarial system as practiced in the Commonwealth nationsRead MoreRights of Juveniles1267 Words   |  6 Pages C) Breed v. Jones – In 1971 a young man named Jones, aged 17, was alleged to have committed armed robbery. Jones was found to be unfit at an adjudicatory and was declared unfit to be tried as a juvenile and was transferred to the adult court for trial. He was found guilty in the first degree of armed robbery and was placed in the custody of the youth authority. Jones later appealed his case to the U.S. Supreme court claiming that he was pla ced in double jeopardy because he was already adjudicatedRead MoreCriminology And The Scientific Study Of Crime And Criminals767 Words   |  4 Pagesscientific study of crime and criminals including its causes. It is a sub-group of sociology which is the scientific study of social behavior. Criminology uses several fields of study, including psychology, psychiatry, statistics, and anthropology. 2. What is meant by valid and reliable statistics? A valid statistic measures facts. While a reliable statistic measures consistency from one measurement to another. This means calculating the amount and trend of criminal activity based on who commitsRead MoreThe Criminal Justice System and Courts in America973 Words   |  4 PagesBasically, there are two types of federal courts: constitutional and legislative. Constitutional courts are presided over by the Supreme Court and include regular courts such as Circuit Courts of Appeal and District Courts. These are the courts that hear trials that might ultimately end up in the Supreme Court for determining constitutionality. Magistrate Courts are federal courts. Also part of the federal court system are the special courts, mainly the United States Court of International Trade. FinallyRead MoreThe Crime Of The Criminal Justice System1266 Words   |  6 Pages The criminal justice system in England and Wales is made up of multiple agencies which all have different responsibilities, however they share the main objective of maintaining and enforcing the rule of law. The International Bar Association (2005) describes the Rule of Law as ‘the foundation of a civilized society’ with a society’s formal response to crime being the responsibility of the criminal justice system ‘more specifically in terms of a series of decisions and actions being taken by a number

Martin Luther King`s Persuasion Techniques Free Essays

The remarkable feature of Martin Luther King’s rhetorical style is emotional appeal and dramatic descriptions. In his essay, â€Å"Letter from Birmingham Jail† he uses argumentation and persuasion techniques in order to convince readers in his position and ideas. King possesses intelligence and ana ­lytical interest raising the audience to high emotional level. We will write a custom essay sample on Martin Luther King`s Persuasion Techniques or any similar topic only for you Order Now The main techniques selected for analysis are emotional appeal, logic, historical and current examples, testimonials, and fact and figure. Testimonials help King to give some recommendation to readers based on his own experience and life situations. King directly addresses his opponents: â€Å"MY DEAR FELLOW CLERGYMEN† (King). He uses testimonials to make his point and persuade listeners to agree with him. Using â€Å"fact and figure† technique, King persuades readers in rightfulness of his views supported by real facts: â€Å"the contemporary church is a weak, ineffectual voice with an uncertain sound† (King). The audience feels that it is not a voice of the author, but a voice of the leader who really bears enormous burden of segregation trying to help millions of people to become equal with majority. Logic is another technique used by King to appeal to the audience and their mind. Following Walton, â€Å"The problem then is to understand generally how argumentation schemes can be seen as being a part of some framework of logical reasoning† (1996, 10). Logic means clearly expressed ideas and facts which allow the audience to follow thoughts and notions explained by the author. In the Letter, every argument forestalls the next one. â€Å"In any nonviolent campaign there are four basic steps †¦ â€Å" (King).   Vivid arguments and personal examples are logically connected which helps the audience to grasp the idea of the essay. Control of powerful feeling intensifies emotional appeal and adds dramatic effects. To give dramatic descriptions with intensity, to make the imagined picture of reality glow with more than a dim light, requires the author’s finest compositional powers. In the Letter, King creates a vivid image of racial segregation as â€Å"a burden† with deprives many racial minorities a chance to be free from oppression and humiliation. â€Å"We know through painful experience that freedom is never voluntarily given by oppressor† (King). There is intensity of illusion because the author is pres ­ent, constantly reminding readers of his unnatural wisdom. Values are universal norms of behavior and conduct followed by all people in spite of their racial or ethical background. King uses eternal human values in order to join different nationalities and minority groups. â€Å"Love your enemies, bless them that curse you, do good to them that hate you, and pray for them which despitefully use you, and persecute you†(King).   The moral quality depends not on the validity of doctrines, but on the moral sense and arguments presented in the work. In both books, a certain amount of plot is based on emotional response. Exclamation marks, rhetorical question and parallel structure of sentences add emotional coloring. He appeals to such human values as tolerance and morals. Idiom and metaphors create sense of reality (How to Be Persuasive. 2001). King deals with his personal sufferings and expresses the effects of the segregation on his fellow friends on a scale of universal significance. Historical and current examples create a sense of reality which helps the audience to grasp the idea of equality and its role in historical process. The main feature of this essay is that King uses historical information based on reason and expiations of the events which attract attention of the audience. Historical examples include: St. Thomas Aquinas, Socrates, Adolf Hitler. King expects that his letter helps many people to â€Å"awake† from long sleeping and start fighting, because the new social order and ideas, and no doubt that in his society the main role is featured to democracy and freedom. â€Å"If today’s church does not recapture the sacrificial spirit of the early church, it will lose its authenticity†Ã¢â‚¬Ëœ (King). Personal tone is an important element of his rhetoric, because it creates a certain vision of segregation and inequality from the author’s point of view (Arguments and Persuasion Techniques in Writing, 1999). His language is logic and accurate, concise and creative. King’s rhetoric has strength, depth and delicacy of feeling. In sum, in this essay King uses traditional rhetoric techniques which help him to persuade the audience and appeal to their emotions and mind. More obvious rhetoric effects are achieved by explicitly controlling the reader’s expectations with the hopes and fears held by a common citizen. Works Cited Page 1.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   King, M.L. Letter from Birmingham Jail. 1963, n.d.   http://www.nobelprizes.com/nobel/peace/MLK-jail.html 2.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Arguments and Persuasion Techniques in Writing. 1999. http://www.csudh.edu/dearhabermas/argpers.htm 3.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   How to Be Persuasive. 2001. http://www.rinkworks.com/persuasive/ 4.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Walton, D.N. Argumentation Schemes for Presumptive Reasoning. Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, 1996. How to cite Martin Luther King`s Persuasion Techniques, Essay examples

Enviromental Pollution free essay sample

Environmental pollution  is a term that refers to all  the ways  by which people pollute their surroundings. People dirty the air with gases and smoke, poison the water  with chemicals  and other substances, and damage  the soil  with too many fertilizers and pesticides:  People also  pollute their surroundings in various other ways. For example, they ruin  natural beauty  by scattering junk and litter on the land and in the water. They operate machines  and motor  vehicles that fill the air with disturbing noise. Nearly everyone causes pollution in some way. Environmental pollution  is one of the most serious problems faced by humanity today. Air, water and soil-all harmed by pollution are necessary to the survival of all living things. Badly polluted air can cause illness, and even death. Polluted water kills fish and other marine life. Pollution of soil reduces the amount of land available for growing food. Environmental pollution  brings ugliness to our naturally beautiful world. We will write a custom essay sample on Enviromental Pollution or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Everyone wants to  reduce pollution. But the pollution problem is as complicated as it is serious. It is complicated because much pollution is caused by things that benefit people. For example, exhaust from  automobile  causes a large percentage of all air pollution. But the  automobile  provides transportation for millions of people. Factories discharge much of the material that pollutes air and water, but factories provide jobs for people. Too much fertilizer or pesticide can ruin soil, but fertilizers and pesticides are important aids to the growing of crops. Thus, to end or greatly  reduce pollution  immediately, people would have to stop using many things that benefit them Most people do not want to do that, of course. But pollution can be gradually reduced in several ways. Scientists and engineers can work to find ways to lessen the amount of pollution that such things as  automobiles  and factories cause. Governments can pass and enforce laws that require businesses and individuals to stop or cut down on certain polluting activities. And perhaps most importantly individuals and groups of people can work to persuade their representatives in government, and also persuade businesses, to take action towards reducing pollution. People have always polluted their surrounding. But throughout much of history, pollution was not a major problem. Most people lived in uncrowned rural areas, and the pollutants (waste products) they produced were widely scattered. People had no pollution causing machines or motor vehicles. The development of crowded industrial cities in the 1700‘s and 1800? s made pollution a major problem: People and factories in these cities put huge amounts of pollutants into small areas. During the 1900? urban areas continued to develop and  automobiles  and other new inventions made pollution steadily worse. By the mid 1990? s, pollution had affected the water in every major lake and river and the air over every major city in the United States and other industrial countries. Since the late 1960? s, millions of people have become alarmed by the dangers of pollution. Large numbers of people are now  working  to  reduce pollution. Our earth is the only planet in the universe which h as an environment suitable for life. Air and water is needed for survival. Earth provided these essentials and man used them. This usage over the period has led to serious pollution problems that can be hazardous. Many industries have come up owing to rapid urbanization. Furthermore, there is an ever increasing demand of petrol and diesel for running various means of transport. As a result, a heavy amount of carbon monoxide, hydrocarbon, sulphur-dioxide and many more gases are polluting the air. The major threat to humanity comes from the development of nuclear sciences. The nuclear experiments worldwide are destroying the atmospheric balance. The poisonous gases, chemicals and dust released into the air fall back on earth as acid rain harming crops and life. This has caused various harmful diseases. Rain water is considered as the purest form of water. Water pollution in lakes, rivers, ponds and other water bodies is caused by surface water which carries a large amount of chemical discharge of industries and inorganic discharge of city sewage. Such impurities are a serious threat to the existence of mankind. Our country faces one more problem i. e. noise pollution. Loud horns during traffic chaos, screaming loudspeakers at different occasions and blasting crackers that almost make one deaf are killing the peaceful silence. Use of silencers, abiding by proper traffic regulations and checking excessive use of public speaker systems can help in reducing noise-pollution. This is the time of implement the steps for environmental Protection. It has been rightly said that there is something in this world money can’t buy, such as beautiful scenery and fresh air.